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The space marine, an archetype of military science fiction, is a kind of soldier that operates in outer space or on alien worlds. Historical marines fulfill multiple roles: ship defence, landing parties, and general-purpose high-mobility land deployments that operate within a fixed distance of shore. By analogy, hypothetical space marines would defend spaceships, land on planets and moons, and satisfy rapid-deployment needs throughout space. ==History== The earliest known use of the term "space marine" was by Bob Olsen in his short story "Captain Brink of the Space Marines" (''Amazing Stories'', Volume 7, Number 8, November 1932), a light-hearted work whose title is a play on the song "Captain Jinks of the Horse Marines", and in which the protagonists were marines of the "Earth Republic Space Navy" on mission to rescue celebrity twins from aliens on Titan. Olsen published a novella sequel four years later, "The Space Marines and the Slavers" (''Amazing Stories'', Volume 10, Number 13, December 1936), featuring the same characters using a spaceship with active camouflage to free hostages from Martian space pirates on Ganymede.〔Bleiler, Everett F. and Bleiler, Richard, ''(Science-Fiction: The Gernsback Years )'', Kent State University Press, 1998, pp. 315–317〕 A more widely known early example was E. E. Smith's ''Lensman'' series. While the first story, ''Triplanetary'' and most later sequels (''Second Stage Lensmen'', ''Children of the Lens'' and ''The Vortex Blaster'') do not mention them, passing mentions of marines are made in ''Galactic Patrol'' (''Astounding Stories'', September 1937–February 1938) and ''Gray Lensman'' (''Astounding Stories'', October 1939–January 1940), and a more direct mention is made in ''First Lensman'' (1950): "Dronvire of Rigel Four in the lead, closely followed by Costigan, Northrop, Kinnison the Younger, and a platoon of armed and armored Space Marines!". The phrase "space marines" appears in Robert A. Heinlein's "Misfit" (1939) and is again used in "The Long Watch" (1941) which is referenced in his later novel ''Space Cadet'' (1948), in all cases before Smith had used the phrase. Heinlein's ''Starship Troopers'' (1959) is considered the defining work for the concept, although it does not use the term "space marine". The actors playing the Colonial Marines in ''Aliens'' (1986) were required to read ''Starship Troopers'' as part of their training prior to filming.〔"Preparing for Battle: Casting and Characterization", ''Superior Firepower: The Making of Aliens'', Alien Quadrilogy – Disc 3, 2003, 20th Century Fox〕 Heinlein intended for the capsule troopers of the Mobile Infantry to be an amalgam of the shipborne aspect of the US Marine Corps relocated to space and coupled with the battlefield delivery and mission profile of US Army paratroopers. As a gaming concept, space marines play a major role in the ''Warhammer 40,000'' miniatures wargame, in which they are genetically altered super-soldiers and the most powerful fighting forces available to the Imperium of Man. In computer games, playing a space marine in action games was popularized by id Software's ''Doom'' series, first published in 1993. It is a convenient game back-story as it excuses the presence of the character on a hostile alien world with little support and heavy weaponry. Some critics have suggested it has been overused to the point of being an action game cliché. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「space marine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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